Once while office, Kaunda sent characters south African Best Minister asking for African leaders, and additionally Nelson Mandela, are imprisoned from inside the Zambia in the place of Southern area Africa. Around their presidency, Kaunda invited liberation moves away from Angola, Southern Africa, Mozambique, Namibia and you can Zimbabwe to utilize their country while the a production mat towards battle against light fraction code from the subcontinent.
Political developments in this Southern Africa managed to make it vital with the liberation course to determine alone from inside the exile. The latest violent condition a reaction to increasing demands to have basic popular freedoms curtailed the actions of African Federal Congress (ANC), the new Southern area African Communist Team (SACP) and also the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). To your a dozen February 1960, the PAC embarked with the an anti-violation march that has been violently set-out, causing 69 some body perishing and you will 180 becoming surely injured in the exactly what turned into referred to as Sharpeville Slaughter. In reaction towards the growing protests, the government stated your state out-of crisis toward 29 February 1960, banning all the societal group meetings and you may arresting a large number of governmental activists. Ultimately, into 8 April 1960, new ANC and also the PAC were prohibited in Unlawful Enterprises Work.
As well, when you look at the 1962 Nelson Mandela, MK’s commander during the chief, decided to go to numerous African nations – among them Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and you will Morocco – where the guy and you may Tambo protected military studies business to possess MK
Immediately after forbidding of your own ANC, brand new cluster begin establishing formations to address underground governmental craft inside nation and place up offices outside of the country. Significantly, within the 1961 the newest ANC built the armed side, uMkhonto weSizwe (Spear of the nation, otherwise MK), as the a motor vehicle so you’re able to wage the new armed battle. One same 12 months, Captain Albert Luthuli, new chairman of your own ANC, sent Vp Oliver Tambo abroad. Oliver Tambo is actually covertly determined along the edging of the Ronald Segal to your Bechunaland (today Botswana). Afterwards Dr Yusuf Dadoo, Chairperson of one’s South African Indian Congress (SAIC) and you will Chairperson of below ground SACP, adopted. Each other had been tasked having mobilising around the world financial and diplomatic service to own sanctions against South Africa. Tambo was important inside setting up ANC practices when you look at the London and you will Dar es Salaam.
A team of thirty two MK recruits remaining Southern Africa from inside the 1962 and you may visited Bechuanaland before proceeding so you can South Rhodesia, where they 
found their ZAPU associations which consequently aided him or her cross the new border on the Northern Rhodesia to their treatment for Tanzania
In early 1960s Zambia was not but really independent, and you may was utilized merely while the a transportation area to have MK guerrillas to their way to Tanzania. MK guerillas just who overlooked the country travelled to Bechuanaland (now Botswana) via Southern area Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe) into the North Rhodesia (today Zambia) on their solution to Tanzania. Just like the station as a result of South Rhodesia came significantly less than expanding surveillance of the Rhodesian shelter pushes, an option route which bypassed Southern Rhodesia is known.
Kazungula lay at the confluence from Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe therefore the Cibia, and it also is actually you’ll be able to in order to mix this new Zambezi Lake from the comfort of Botswana to the Zambia by boat. An excellent ferry solution and this sent on twenty five somebody simultaneously, run from the Zambian federal Nelson Maiblowa, turned into the fresh MK lifeline into the Zambia. Obviously, new ferry was called new “Independence Ferry”. Away from middle-1962, MK guerillas maneuvering to Tanzania began to use the channel. It needs to be indexed that use of North Rhodesian area given that a transit part first started up until the nation turned into independent.
Immediately following Northern Rhodesia turned into separate since the country out of Zambia when you look at the 1964, the fresh new ANC open a workplace on the financial support, Lusaka, into the 1965. Thomas Nkobi was designated the new ANC’s captain representative inside Zambia, a position the guy kept until 1968 as he are designated Deputy Treasurer General. One same seasons a number one person in MK, Mavuso Msimang, and you may an excellent reconnaissance group was basically deployed in the Zambia to explore the newest possibility of setting up an enthusiastic infiltration path to Southern Africa over the Zambezi River via Southern area Rhodesia. Meanwhile MK explored the thought of cooperation having most other liberations actions and you can reached ZAPU.